IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) is a type of assisted reproductive technology (ART) used to help individuals and couples facing infertility conceive a child. It involves the process of fertilizing an egg outside the body, in a laboratory, before implanting it into the uterus. IVF is often recommended when other fertility treatments have been unsuccessful or when specific infertility issues, such as blocked fallopian tubes, male infertility, or unexplained infertility, are present.
The IVF process typically involves several key steps:
- Ovarian Stimulation: The woman undergoes hormone therapy to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs.
- Egg Retrieval: Once the eggs are mature, they are collected through a minor surgical procedure.
- Fertilization: The eggs are then fertilized with sperm in the laboratory. In some cases, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is used, where a single sperm is directly injected into an egg.
- Embryo Culture: The fertilized eggs (embryos) are monitored as they grow for several days.
- Embryo Transfer: One or more healthy embryos are selected and transferred into the woman’s uterus.
IVF can be combined with other treatments, such as genetic screening (PGT) or egg/sperm donation, depending on individual needs. The success of IVF depends on various factors, including the woman's age, the cause of infertility, and the quality of the eggs and sperm. IVF is an effective treatment, but it can be physically, emotionally, and financially demanding, with multiple cycles sometimes necessary to achieve a successful pregnancy.
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